Decision-Making Models Essay -- Responsible Decision-Making Model

Decision-Making ModelsThere ar several finis-making models to choose from in all given situation. Some of these models available on the Internet are the amenable Decision-Making Model, the Ethical Decision-Making Model, the Ethics Toolkit PLUS Model, the Vigilant Decision-Maker Process, and some basic ones as well. In general, all decision-making models are the processes we use to make well-thought out decisions. There are three major elements of all decision-making models. These three elements are how are criteria determined, how are alternatives generated, and how are alternatives evaluated against criteria (Scholl, p. 1). In this paper, we will use the Responsible Decision-Making Model to explain how the process works to help us make better decisions.The Responsible Decision-Making ModelThe Responsible Decision-Making Model is a Power Point presentation that was on the Internet (Scarbo, slides 1-18). There are six steps to this decision-making model. The first step is to clear ly name the situation either in writing or aloud. The second step is to list any likely solutions to the situation. The third step is to share the list of affirmable solutions with another responsible person because he or she may have other solutions to add to the list. The fourth step is to carefully evaluate each possible solution using the six criteria. We will look at these six criteria in the next paragraph. The fifth step is to make a final decision on which sol...

Is it Possible to Forecast Financial Schenanigans Essay -- essays rese

IntroductionI found nomadics story on the Internet piece of music doing a Google search. As I was reading Financial Shenanigans from Horward Schilit to prepare for the level 2 of the CFA examination, I decided to have a closer look at the financial statements of roving Systems Inc. that were published in advance the shenanigans became publicly known (in whitethorn 2002) in order to detect those shenanigans solely based on those financial statements more than specifically on the forms 10K filed by rambling between 1998 an 2001.Here is a summary of the story, quoted from the court that had to rule on those irregularities1. fluid Systems, Inc. ( roving) was a computer software package fellowship headquartered in San Diego, California. meandering(a) was merged in California in 1981 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1994. From its initial public offering (initial offering) in April 1997 until it was delisted on August 30, 2002, Peregrine was a publicly held corporation whose shares were registered securities traded under the symbol PRGN on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system (NASDAQ), a study securities exchange that used the means and instrumentalities of interstate highway commerce and the mails.2. Peregrine developed and sold business software and related services. Software license fees accounted for the bulk of Peregrines publicly reported revenues. Peregrine sold its software directly with its own sales organization and indirectly through resellers such as value added resellers and systems integrators.3. From its IPO in April 1997 through the quarter ended June 2001, Peregrine reported 17 consecutive quarters of revenue growth, always meeting or beating securities analysts expectations. Peregrines line of business price soared from its April 1997 IPO price of approximately $2.25 per share (split adjusted) to approximately $80 per share in March 2000. By March 2002, Peregrine had issued over 192 million shar es.4. In May 2002, Peregrine disclosed that its prior public reports had been materially false and that it had employed a variety of devices, schemes and fraudulent account statement practices over an extended period of age in order to portray itself as far more healthy and successful that it actually was. After Peregrine disclosed its true financial results and condition, its computer storage price dropped precipitously and now trades at below $1 per share... ...the shrinking size of the 10K that went from 1330 pages in 1999 to 154 pages in 2001. That implies that the company disclosed significantly less teaching on the way it constructed its financial statements.This study also found some weaker warnings, but failed to find the heart of the gimmicks. I dont think that those warnings could glide by to any conclusion by themselves, as there may be some noise even in a healthy company.What actually happened?PeregrineInflated revenue by recording sales to resellers that werent f inalsSold false invoices to banksImproperly accounted for cash appealImproperly wrote off receivablesImproperly accounted for stock optionsFailed to maintained adequate books and recordsIt seems that even if they inflated revenue, they had a strong business activity (even if it wasnt as big(p) as what their statements indicated) the other gimmicks didnt select revenue. Their stock price, which hit a low of $2.25 during the crisis, is now trading in the $20 range Is it Possible to project Financial Schenanigans Essay -- essays rese IntroductionI found Peregrines story on the Internet while doing a Google search. As I was reading Financial Shenanigans from Horward Schilit to prepare for the level 2 of the CFA examination, I decided to have a closer look at the financial statements of Peregrine Systems Inc. that were published before the shenanigans became publicly known (in May 2002) in order to detect those shenanigans solely based on those financial statements more specifically on the forms 10K filed by Peregrine between 1998 an 2001.Here is a summary of the story, quoted from the court that had to rule on those irregularities1.Peregrine Systems, Inc. (Peregrine) was a computer software company headquartered in San Diego, California. Peregrine was incorporated in California in 1981 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1994. From its initial public offering (IPO) in April 1997 until it was delisted on August 30, 2002, Peregrine was a publicly held corporation whose shares were registered securities traded under the symbol PRGN on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system (NASDAQ), a national securities exchange that used the means and instrumentalities of interstate commerce and the mails.2. Peregrine developed and sold business software and related services. Software license fees accounted for the bulk of Peregrines publicly reported revenues. Peregrine sold its software directly through its own sales organiza tion and indirectly through resellers such as value added resellers and systems integrators.3. From its IPO in April 1997 through the quarter ended June 2001, Peregrine reported 17 consecutive quarters of revenue growth, always meeting or beating securities analysts expectations. Peregrines stock price soared from its April 1997 IPO price of approximately $2.25 per share (split adjusted) to approximately $80 per share in March 2000. By March 2002, Peregrine had issued over 192 million shares.4. In May 2002, Peregrine disclosed that its prior public reports had been materially false and that it had employed a variety of devices, schemes and fraudulent accounting practices over an extended period of time in order to portray itself as far more healthy and successful that it actually was. After Peregrine disclosed its true financial results and condition, its stock price dropped precipitously and now trades at below $1 per share... ...the shrinking size of the 10K that went from 1330 p ages in 1999 to 154 pages in 2001. That implies that the company disclosed significantly less information on the way it constructed its financial statements.This study also found some weaker warnings, but failed to find the heart of the gimmicks. I dont think that those warnings could lead to any conclusion by themselves, as there may be some noise even in a healthy company.What actually happened?PeregrineInflated revenue by recording sales to resellers that werent finalsSold false invoices to banksImproperly accounted for cash collectionImproperly wrote off receivablesImproperly accounted for stock optionsFailed to maintained adequate books and recordsIt seems that even if they inflated revenue, they had a strong business activity (even if it wasnt as large as what their statements indicated) the other gimmicks didnt involve revenue. Their stock price, which hit a low of $2.25 during the crisis, is now trading in the $20 range